Calculate the deflection angle of light passing near a massive object. Gravitational lensing is predicted by general relativity and is used to study dark matter and distant galaxies.
Enter your values below
Mass of the gravitating object
Closest distance of light path to the mass center
How this calculator works
Deflection angle equals four times gravitational constant times mass divided by speed of light squared times impact parameter.
Common questions about this calculator
These calculators are for educational and informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, results should be verified for critical applications. Always consult authoritative sources for engineering or scientific work.
